Five ways the Strait of Hormuz affects global oil supply

1. Massive disruption to global oil flow

Around 20 per cent of the world’s daily oil supply, estimated at roughly 20 million barrels, passes through the strait. A closure would immediately halt a significant portion of exports from major producers such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates, creating a sudden supply shock in global markets.

2. Limited alternative routes

While some countries have pipelines that bypass the strait, these alternatives cannot fully replace the volume transported through the waterway. This means a shutdown would leave a large gap in global supply, intensifying competition for available oil.

3. Sharp rise in oil prices

Any disruption in the Strait of Hormuz typically triggers immediate spikes in global oil prices. Traders react quickly to supply risks, and a full closure could lead to sustained increases, affecting fuel prices worldwide.

4. Impact on global economies

Higher oil prices would drive up transportation and production costs, leading to inflation in many countries. Oil-importing nations, especially developing economies, would face increased financial pressure as energy costs rise.

5. Energy security concerns

A prolonged disruption could force countries to tap into emergency reserves and accelerate the search for alternative energy sources. It may also reshape global energy policies, with governments prioritising supply diversification and strategic storage.

In summary, the closure of the Strait of Hormuz would have far-reaching consequences, disrupting global oil supply, driving up prices, and creating economic uncertainty across both developed and developing nations.