How to detect signs, symptoms of breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. When found at a localised stage, the 5-year relative survival
- By Yewande Fasan
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. When found at a localised stage, the 5-year relative survival rate exceeds 99%.
Detection involves awareness of symptoms, self-monitoring, clinical exams, and medical screening tests. No single method is foolproof, and professional medical advice is essential. Self-exams and screenings complement each other but do not replace one another.
Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer:
Many breast cancers cause no symptoms in early stages, which is why routine screening is crucial. When symptoms appear, they may include:
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1. A new lump or mass in the breast or underarm (armpit), the most common symptom. Lumps can feel hard with irregular edges, but they may also be soft, round, tender, or painless. Most breast lumps are not cancerous.
2. Thickening or swelling of all or part of the breast (even without a distinct lump).
3. Skin changes: dimpling, puckering, redness, irritation, scaling, or an "orange peel" texture.
4. Changes in breast size, shape, or appearance (e.g., one breast suddenly larger or smaller).
5. Nipple changes: retraction (turning inward), pain, redness, flaking, or crusting.
6. Nipple discharge other than breast milk (clear, bloody, or other colors).
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7. Swollen lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone.
These symptoms can also stem from benign conditions like cysts or infections. See a healthcare provider promptly for any persistent change. Pain alone is rarely a sign of breast cancer.
Breast Self-Awareness and Self-Exams:
Become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel; this is called breast self-awareness. Monthly breast self-exams (BSE) can help you notice changes early, though they are not a substitute for professional screening.
How to perform a breast self-exam (recommended once a month, ideally a few days after your period ends when breasts are less tender):
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1. Visual inspection: Stand in front of a mirror with your arms at your sides, then raise them overhead, and then place your hands on your hips while tightening chest muscles. Look for changes in size, shape, skin texture, or nipple position.
2. Feeling the breasts: Lie down or do it in the shower (wet skin makes it easier). Use the pads of your three middle fingers in a circular or up-and-down pattern. Cover the entire breast, from the collarbone to the bra line and the armpit. Use light, medium, and firm pressure.
3. Check both breasts and armpits.
Report any new lumps, thickening, or changes to your doctor. Self-exams are especially useful for younger women (20s–30s) before routine mammograms begin.
